Used as a solid electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to its high ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures. It is also widely employed in oxygen sensors, particularly in automotive and industrial applications, for measuring oxygen concentration in gases. Its excellent thermal stability and mechanical strength make it suitable for high-temperature ceramics and thermal barrier coatings in aerospace and turbine engines. In dentistry, it serves as a biocompatible framework material for crowns and bridges because of its durability and tooth-like appearance. Additionally, it is used in wear-resistant components and cutting tools owing to its hardness and resistance to corrosion.