Used as a solid electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to its high ionic conductivity at elevated temperatures. Commonly employed in oxygen sensors, particularly in automotive and industrial applications, for measuring oxygen concentration in gases. Serves as a biocompatible material in dental and orthopedic implants because of its strength, corrosion resistance, and low thermal conductivity. Utilized in high-temperature ceramics and refractory materials where thermal stability and mechanical durability are critical. Also applied in wear-resistant coatings and as a component in advanced cutting tools.