Ro 41-1049 hydrochloride is primarily used in research settings to study the role of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) in the brain. It acts as a selective and reversible inhibitor of MAO-A, making it a valuable tool for investigating the enzyme's function in neurotransmitter regulation, particularly serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This compound is often utilized in preclinical studies to explore its potential effects on mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, as well as its influence on behavioral and cognitive processes. Additionally, it helps researchers understand the pharmacological mechanisms of MAO inhibitors and their implications for developing new therapeutic agents.