Gold nanoparticles are widely used in medical diagnostics and treatment due to their unique optical and electronic properties. They are employed in cancer therapy, where they enhance the effectiveness of radiation treatments by targeting tumor cells. In diagnostics, these nanoparticles are used in biosensors to detect diseases at an early stage with high sensitivity. Additionally, they play a crucial role in drug delivery systems, improving the precision and efficiency of therapeutic agents. In the field of electronics, gold nanoparticles are utilized in the development of conductive inks and advanced components for devices. Their application in environmental science includes water purification and pollutant detection, leveraging their catalytic properties to break down harmful substances.