BIA 10-2474 was developed as a potential treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders due to its action as a fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor. By inhibiting FAAH, the compound aimed to increase levels of endocannabinoids like anandamide in the brain, which play a role in regulating pain, mood, and inflammation. This mechanism suggested potential use in conditions such as chronic pain, anxiety, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. The drug entered clinical trials to evaluate its safety and efficacy in humans, particularly focusing on its ability to modulate the endocannabinoid system without the psychoactive effects associated with cannabinoid receptor agonists. However, a Phase I clinical trial in 2016 was halted after severe adverse events, including one fatality, raised significant safety concerns, leading to discontinuation of its development.