Used primarily to treat major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. It works by increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain, helping to restore chemical balance involved in mood regulation. Also prescribed off-label for managing chronic pain, neuropathic pain, and migraine prevention. Available in immediate-release and extended-release formulations, allowing flexible dosing for improved patient compliance. Commonly chosen when other antidepressants are ineffective due to its dual action on neurotransmitters.