NBI-59159 is primarily utilized in the field of medical research, particularly in the study of neurological disorders. It is known for its potential role as a selective antagonist for specific receptors in the brain, making it valuable in exploring treatments for conditions such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia. Researchers use this compound to better understand the mechanisms of neurotransmitter systems and to develop targeted therapies that can modulate brain activity effectively. Its application in preclinical studies helps in identifying its efficacy and safety profile, paving the way for potential therapeutic innovations.