Homocarnosine is primarily found in the brain and is believed to play a role in neuroprotection. It acts as an antioxidant, helping to reduce oxidative stress, which can damage neurons. This makes it potentially beneficial in conditions like epilepsy, where oxidative stress is a contributing factor. Additionally, it may help in managing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's by protecting brain cells from damage. Research also suggests it could be involved in regulating GABA levels, which might influence mood and anxiety disorders. Its presence in cerebrospinal fluid indicates its importance in maintaining brain health and function.