Apamin is an 18-amino acid peptide toxin found in bee venom. It is primarily utilized in neuroscience research due to its ability to selectively block small-conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels. This property makes it a valuable tool for studying the role of SK channels in neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. Researchers use apamin to investigate its effects on learning, memory, and neurological disorders such as epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, apamin has been explored for its potential therapeutic applications, including its use in developing treatments for conditions related to SK channel dysfunction. Its specificity and potency make it a critical compound in both experimental and clinical studies. However, its medical applications remain in the research and development stage.