Neurotensin is primarily studied for its role in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. In the brain, it acts as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, influencing dopamine pathways, which makes it a potential target for treating psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and addiction. Its ability to modulate dopamine release and receptor activity has sparked interest in developing neurotensin-based therapies for these conditions.

In the gastrointestinal system, neurotensin regulates gut motility, pancreatic secretion, and intestinal growth. It has been investigated for its role in conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and other digestive disorders. Additionally, neurotensin's involvement in promoting cancer cell proliferation has led to research into its potential as a biomarker for certain cancers, including pancreatic and colorectal cancers.

Neurotensin analogs and receptor antagonists are being explored for therapeutic applications, particularly in oncology and neurology, to either enhance or inhibit its effects depending on the desired outcome.