Riluzole hydrochloride is primarily used in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease. It works by reducing the damage to motor neurons through its ability to decrease the release of glutamate, a neurotransmitter that can be toxic in excessive amounts. This helps to slow the progression of the disease and can extend the survival time of patients. Additionally, it is sometimes investigated for its potential neuroprotective effects in other neurological disorders, though its primary application remains in ALS management. The compound is administered orally, typically in the form of tablets, and is often part of a comprehensive treatment plan that includes physical therapy and other supportive measures.