Taltirelin is primarily used in the treatment of spinocerebellar degeneration, a group of genetic disorders that affect coordination and balance. It acts as a thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analog, stimulating the central nervous system to improve motor functions and alleviate symptoms such as ataxia. Additionally, it has been explored for its potential neuroprotective effects, which may benefit conditions involving neuronal damage. Research also suggests its application in improving cognitive functions and mood disorders due to its influence on neurotransmitter systems. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier makes it a promising candidate for central nervous system-related therapies.