URMC-099 is used in research for its potential neuroprotective properties, particularly in conditions involving neuroinflammation. It modulates microglial activation, which helps reduce chronic inflammation in the central nervous system. This makes it a candidate for studying neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. It also shows promise in improving the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapies in the brain by reducing inflammation that can hinder treatment. Additionally, URMC-099 is explored for its ability to enhance autophagy, a cellular cleanup process, which may help clear toxic protein aggregates linked to neurodegeneration. Most applications remain in preclinical stages, primarily in animal models and cell cultures.