GTS-21 dihydrochloride is primarily used in research settings to study its effects on cognitive functions and neurological disorders. It acts as a selective agonist for α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, which are implicated in processes like memory, learning, and attention. This compound has been explored for its potential in treating conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, and other cognitive impairments. Additionally, it is investigated for its neuroprotective properties, which may help in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. Its application extends to preclinical studies aiming to understand its role in enhancing cognitive performance and mitigating symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.