SB-674042 is primarily used in research settings to study its effects on orexin receptors, specifically the OX1 receptor. It acts as a selective antagonist, helping scientists understand the role of orexin in sleep regulation, appetite, and addiction. This compound is valuable in preclinical studies exploring potential treatments for insomnia, obesity, and substance abuse disorders. Its application in neuroscience research provides insights into the mechanisms of orexin signaling and its impact on behavior and physiological processes.