Used as a catalyst in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in Negishi and Kumada couplings, enabling the formation of carbon-carbon bonds in organic synthesis. Effective for aryl-aryl and aryl-alkyl bond constructions, especially in the preparation of complex organic molecules such as pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Exhibits good stability and selectivity in the presence of various functional groups, making it suitable for late-stage functionalization. Often employed in homogeneous catalytic systems under mild reaction conditions.