Isopentyl nitrite is used in the chemical industry as a reagent, solvent, and catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in nitration processes and the formation of nitrosamine compounds. Medically, it acts primarily as a vasodilator to relax smooth muscles and increase blood flow. It was commonly inhaled for its rapid effect in relieving angina attacks, though it has largely been replaced by other medications in clinical settings due to side effects. It is also used recreationally for its brief euphoric and muscle-relaxing effects, particularly in social or sexual contexts. Additionally, it has been employed in medical diagnostics to test cardiac function and in research for its effects on blood pressure and oxygen delivery. Caution is required due to potential for hypotension, dizziness, and interactions with other drugs, especially those affecting blood pressure or erectile function. Misuse, such as for sexual enhancement or in combination with other substances, can be dangerous to the respiratory and nervous systems.