CNS-5161 hydrochloride is primarily used in research settings to study its effects on the central nervous system. It acts as a potent and selective antagonist of the NMDA receptor, which plays a critical role in synaptic plasticity and memory function. Researchers utilize this compound to investigate neuropathic pain mechanisms, as blocking NMDA receptors can help reduce pain signaling in chronic pain conditions. Additionally, it is employed in studies exploring its potential neuroprotective properties, particularly in conditions like stroke or traumatic brain injury, where excessive NMDA receptor activation contributes to neuronal damage. Its application in preclinical models aids in understanding the pathophysiology of neurological disorders and in developing therapeutic strategies targeting the NMDA receptor pathway.