Hydroxystilbamidine bis(methanesulfonate) is primarily used in medical research and therapeutic applications due to its antifungal and antiprotozoal properties. It has been studied for its effectiveness in treating infections caused by certain fungi, such as blastomycosis, and protozoa, including trypanosomiasis (e.g., African sleeping sickness) and leishmaniasis, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Preliminary studies also suggest potential anticancer activity by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation through DNA binding. Additionally, it is utilized in laboratory settings as a fluorescent dye for staining and identifying nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, in biological samples. This staining capability aids in various diagnostic and research procedures, including microscopy and molecular biology studies. Its unique binding properties to nucleic acids make it a valuable tool for visualizing cellular structures and understanding genetic material. However, its therapeutic applications remain under investigation for optimal efficacy and safety.