Used primarily in biochemical research, 5-Iodouridine serves as a modified nucleoside to study nucleic acid structure and function. It is incorporated into RNA to investigate interactions and dynamics within RNA molecules, aiding in the understanding of RNA behavior under various conditions. Additionally, it is utilized in the development of antiviral and anticancer agents, as its incorporation can disrupt viral replication and cancer cell proliferation. This compound is also valuable in radiolabeling studies, where it helps track and visualize RNA in cellular processes.