Guadecitabine sodium is primarily used in the field of oncology as a potential treatment for various types of cancer. It functions as a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, which means it can reactivate genes that have been silenced by abnormal DNA methylation, a common occurrence in cancer cells. This reactivation can help restore normal cellular functions and inhibit tumor growth. It has been studied in clinical trials for its efficacy in treating myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and other hematologic malignancies. Its ability to target epigenetic changes makes it a promising candidate for cancers where traditional therapies have limited success. Additionally, it is being explored for use in combination with other anticancer agents to enhance therapeutic outcomes.