Thymidine 5′-diphosphate sodium salt is widely used in biochemical research, particularly in studies involving DNA synthesis and repair. It serves as a substrate for enzymes like DNA polymerases, helping to understand their mechanisms and kinetics. This compound is also employed in the development of nucleotide analogs, which are crucial for antiviral and anticancer drug research. Additionally, it plays a role in metabolic pathway studies, providing insights into nucleotide metabolism and cellular processes. Its application extends to molecular biology techniques, such as PCR and DNA sequencing, where it aids in optimizing reaction conditions.