SB-334867 is primarily used in research settings as a selective antagonist for the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R). It is extensively utilized in neuroscience studies to investigate the role of orexin signaling in various physiological and behavioral processes. Researchers employ it to explore its effects on sleep-wake regulation, appetite control, and addiction mechanisms. By blocking OX1R, it helps in understanding the involvement of orexin in stress responses, reward pathways, and anxiety-related behaviors. Additionally, SB-334867 is used in preclinical studies to assess its potential therapeutic applications in conditions like insomnia, substance abuse disorders, and metabolic disorders. Its ability to modulate orexin activity makes it a valuable tool for dissecting the complex functions of the orexin system in the brain.