SB-334867 is primarily used in research settings to study the role of orexin receptors in various physiological processes. It is a selective antagonist of the orexin-1 receptor (OX1R), making it a valuable tool for investigating the functions of the orexin system in the brain. Researchers utilize it to explore its effects on sleep-wake regulation, appetite control, and addiction mechanisms. By blocking OX1R, it helps in understanding the potential therapeutic applications for conditions like insomnia, obesity, and substance abuse. Additionally, it is employed in preclinical studies to assess its impact on stress, anxiety, and other neurological disorders linked to orexin signaling.