UPF-648 sodium salt is primarily used in neuroscience research as a selective antagonist for the P2X7 receptor, a key player in inflammatory and neuropathic pain pathways. Its application is significant in studying the role of P2X7 receptors in various diseases, including chronic pain, neurodegenerative disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Researchers utilize it to explore potential therapeutic targets by inhibiting P2X7 receptor activity, which can help reduce inflammation and neuronal damage. Additionally, it is employed in experimental models to understand the receptor's involvement in immune responses and cell death mechanisms, providing insights into developing treatments for conditions like multiple sclerosis, arthritis, and depression.