Used as a highly efficient catalyst in cross-coupling reactions, particularly in Buchwald–Hartwig aminations and Suzuki–Miyaura couplings. It enables the formation of carbon–nitrogen and carbon–carbon bonds under mild conditions, making it valuable in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. Exhibits excellent activity with aryl chlorides, which are less reactive and more cost-effective substrates. Stable under ambient conditions and compatible with a wide range of functional groups, allowing for broad substrate scope and reduced need for stringent reaction setups.