Widely used in cross-coupling reactions, especially in Buchwald–Hartwig amination and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, enabling efficient carbon–nitrogen and carbon–carbon bond formation. Its high catalytic activity allows reactions to proceed under mild conditions with excellent yields, even with sterically hindered or electron-deficient substrates. Commonly applied in pharmaceutical synthesis where robust and selective catalysts are required for complex molecule assembly. Also effective in late-stage functionalization due to its tolerance of diverse functional groups. Suitable for both laboratory-scale research and industrial processes where reproducibility and efficiency are critical.