NMS-P118 is primarily utilized in the field of oncology research, where it serves as a potent and selective inhibitor of PARP1, a key enzyme involved in DNA repair. Its application is significant in the study of cancers with deficiencies in homologous recombination repair, such as BRCA-mutated tumors. By inhibiting PARP1, NMS-P118 induces synthetic lethality in cancer cells, leading to their death while sparing normal cells. This makes it a promising candidate for targeted cancer therapies, particularly in breast, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Additionally, it is used in preclinical studies to evaluate its efficacy, safety, and potential combination with other anticancer agents to enhance therapeutic outcomes. Its role in understanding DNA repair mechanisms and developing personalized medicine approaches is also noteworthy.