Talazoparib tosylate is a PARP inhibitor primarily approved for the treatment of adults with deleterious or suspected deleterious germline BRCA-mutated (gBRCAm) HER2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. It is specifically effective in patients with mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes, which are involved in DNA repair. The compound works by inhibiting the PARP enzyme, preventing cancer cells from repairing their DNA and leading to their death. This targeted therapy is often employed when other treatments, such as chemotherapy, have not been effective. It is administered orally, making it convenient for patients, and is commonly used as a monotherapy. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating its use in combination with other anticancer agents for breast cancer, as well as in ovarian, prostate, and other cancers with BRCA mutations or DNA repair deficiencies. Its ability to selectively target cancer cells with minimal impact on healthy cells makes it a valuable option in precision medicine for cancer treatment.