Veliparib dihydrochloride is primarily used in cancer research and treatment, particularly as a PARP inhibitor. It is being studied for its potential to treat various types of cancers, including breast, ovarian, and lung cancers. The compound works by inhibiting the PARP enzymes, which play a crucial role in DNA repair. By blocking these enzymes, it prevents cancer cells from repairing their DNA, leading to cell death. This makes it particularly effective in cancers with BRCA mutations, where DNA repair mechanisms are already compromised. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate its efficacy and safety, either as a standalone treatment or in combination with other therapies like chemotherapy or radiation. Its application extends to enhancing the effectiveness of existing cancer treatments by sensitizing cancer cells to DNA-damaging agents.