Used in molecular biology and biochemistry research as a building block for synthesizing DNA. It plays a critical role in studying DNA replication, repair mechanisms, and genetic mutations. In medical research, it is utilized to develop antiviral and anticancer drugs, particularly those targeting nucleotide metabolism. Additionally, it is employed in the production of nucleoside analogs for therapeutic applications, such as treating viral infections like HIV and hepatitis. Its incorporation into oligonucleotides is essential for gene synthesis and sequencing technologies.