Eplerenone is primarily used in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. It works by blocking the effects of aldosterone, a hormone that can cause salt and fluid retention, which in turn increases blood pressure. By inhibiting aldosterone, eplerenone helps to reduce blood pressure and prevent complications associated with heart failure, such as worsening of the condition or hospitalization. It is often prescribed for patients who have had a recent heart attack with signs of heart failure, as it can improve survival rates and reduce the risk of further cardiovascular events. Eplerenone is also used in managing conditions like chronic kidney disease, where controlling blood pressure is crucial to slowing disease progression. Its selective action on mineralocorticoid receptors makes it a preferred choice for patients who may experience side effects from other similar medications.