Phosphodiesterase II is primarily involved in the regulation of cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways, particularly by hydrolyzing cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). This enzyme plays a critical role in cellular processes such as signal transduction, making it a target for therapeutic interventions. In the field of neuroscience, it is studied for its potential in modulating memory and learning processes, as it influences the levels of cyclic nucleotides that are crucial for synaptic plasticity. Additionally, inhibitors of Phosphodiesterase II are being explored for their potential to treat cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, by enhancing cognitive functions. In cardiovascular research, this enzyme is also examined for its role in vascular smooth muscle relaxation and its implications in hypertension and heart failure.