L-alpha-Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) plays a critical role in cellular signaling pathways. It serves as a substrate for phospholipase C, which cleaves it into inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG), both key secondary messengers that regulate calcium release and protein kinase C activation, respectively. PIP2 is also involved in the regulation of ion channels and membrane transport proteins, directly modulating their activity. It contributes to cytoskeletal dynamics by interacting with actin-binding proteins, influencing cell shape, motility, and membrane organization. Additionally, PIP2 is a precursor for phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), another important signaling lipid in growth and survival pathways. Due to its central role in signal transduction, PIP2 is widely studied in neuroscience, immunology, and cancer research.