Triptophenolide exhibits significant anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties, making it valuable in the development of therapies for autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. It modulates key signaling pathways including NF-κB, which plays a central role in regulating the immune response. Due to its ability to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines, it is studied for potential use in treating chronic inflammatory conditions. Additionally, triptophenolide shows antiviral activity, particularly against certain enveloped viruses, suggesting possible application in antiviral drug research. Its cytotoxic effects on specific cancer cell lines also support ongoing investigation into its role as an anticancer agent, especially in leukemia and other hematological malignancies.