Anhydrotuberosin is primarily studied for its biological activity, particularly in plant physiology and potential pharmacological applications. It functions as a natural compound that influences plant growth and development, especially in the regulation of tuber formation in certain plant species. This makes it of interest in agricultural research for improving crop yield in tuberous plants like potatoes and yams.

In addition, anhydrotuberosin exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties in preliminary pharmacological studies. It has been investigated for its ability to modulate cellular pathways involved in oxidative stress and neuronal damage, suggesting possible use in developing treatments for neurodegenerative conditions. Its role in inhibiting specific enzymes related to inflammation also highlights its potential as a lead compound in drug discovery. Research remains ongoing, mainly in preclinical stages, to explore its therapeutic efficacy and safety.