Improved MS medium is widely used in plant tissue culture for the growth and development of plant cells, tissues, and organs. It provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and a solidifying agent (agar) to support the cultivation of plant material in a sterile environment. This medium is particularly effective for micropropagation, where it helps in the rapid multiplication of plants from small tissue samples. It is also utilized in genetic transformation studies, enabling the growth of genetically modified plant cells. Additionally, the medium supports the regeneration of whole plants from callus or explants, making it a critical tool in plant breeding and conservation efforts. Its balanced composition ensures optimal growth conditions for a wide range of plant species, including both monocots and dicots.