Used as a high-performance building block in polymer synthesis, particularly in the development of advanced polyamides and polyimides with enhanced thermal stability and mechanical strength. Its rigid, three-dimensional structure improves resistance to chain packing, resulting in increased solubility and processability of the resulting polymers. Employed in gas separation membranes due to its well-defined internal free volume, which facilitates selective diffusion of small gas molecules. Also investigated in supramolecular chemistry for constructing molecular cages and porous organic frameworks with potential applications in sensing and catalysis. Shows promise in optoelectronic materials owing to its electron-rich aromatic framework and ability to participate in charge-transfer interactions.