Used primarily in research settings as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) model compound, which occurs naturally from the combustion of organic materials. It is studied to assess toxicity, carcinogenicity, and environmental accumulation, particularly in soil, water, air, and in foods processed by smoking or high-heat cooking. Serves as a reference standard for laboratory analysis of contaminants. Additionally, it acts as a precursor in the synthesis of advanced organic materials, including organic semiconductors and luminescent dyes. Its rigid aromatic structure is valuable for developing fluorescent probes and optoelectronic devices. Also investigated for photovoltaic applications due to its light-absorbing properties. Limited commercial use due to toxicity and regulatory concerns.