Poly(vinylphosphonic acid) is widely used in the field of materials science, particularly in the development of proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. Its high proton conductivity and thermal stability make it an excellent candidate for improving the efficiency and durability of these membranes. Additionally, it is employed in the modification of surfaces to enhance their biocompatibility, making it valuable in medical applications such as coatings for implants and biosensors.

In the realm of water treatment, this polymer is utilized for its ability to chelate metal ions, aiding in the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. Its adhesive properties also find use in the formulation of adhesives and coatings, where it provides strong bonding and resistance to harsh environmental conditions. Furthermore, poly(vinylphosphonic acid) is explored in the field of nanotechnology for the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanocomposites, contributing to advancements in drug delivery systems and electronic devices.