Polymaleic acid is widely used as a scale inhibitor in water treatment processes, particularly in cooling towers, boilers, and reverse osmosis systems. It effectively prevents the formation of calcium carbonate and other mineral scales, ensuring efficient heat transfer and prolonging equipment life. In the oil and gas industry, it is employed to control scale deposition in pipelines and production facilities, enhancing operational efficiency. Additionally, it serves as a dispersant in detergents and cleaning formulations, helping to keep particles suspended and preventing redeposition on surfaces. Its chelating properties also make it useful in industrial cleaning applications, where it aids in removing metal ions and improving cleaning performance. Furthermore, it is utilized in the paper manufacturing process to improve paper quality and strength by acting as a dispersant for fillers and pigments. In the textile industry, it enhances the efficiency of dyeing processes and fiber cleaning by improving dispersion and preventing deposits.