Used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy for cancer treatment due to its ability to generate reactive oxygen species under light exposure. Also employed in dye-sensitized solar cells to enhance electron transfer and improve energy conversion efficiency. Acts as a catalyst in oxidation reactions, particularly in environmental applications for degrading organic pollutants. Its coordination structure makes it suitable for use in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) for gas sensing and storage. Additionally, utilized in fluorescence-based sensors for detecting metal ions and small molecules in analytical chemistry.