Inolitazone dihydrochloride is a synthetic PPARγ agonist primarily used in medical and pharmaceutical research. It is extensively studied for its potential in oncology, particularly for inhibiting the growth of cancer cells such as those in leukemia, breast cancer, and other malignancies by promoting differentiation and apoptosis without significant metabolic side effects associated with other thiazolidinediones. Additionally, due to its role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), it is employed in studies on type 2 diabetes, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic disorders. Researchers also investigate its effects on inflammation and cellular signaling pathways in preclinical models of metabolic syndrome and related conditions. Its applications remain experimental, focusing on drug development for both cancer and metabolic diseases.