Widely used as a preservative in water-based products due to its strong biocidal activity against bacteria, fungi, and algae. Commonly found in industrial cooling systems, paints, adhesives, and personal care products like shampoos and lotions to prevent microbial spoilage. Effective at low concentrations, it helps extend shelf life and maintain product integrity during storage and use. Often used in combination with other preservatives for enhanced performance and broad-spectrum protection.