Molidustat is primarily used in the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It works by stabilizing hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), which stimulates the body's natural response to low oxygen levels. This leads to increased production of erythropoietin, a hormone that promotes red blood cell formation, thereby improving anemia symptoms. Its targeted mechanism offers a potential alternative to traditional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), especially for patients who are resistant to or cannot tolerate ESAs. Additionally, it may help in reducing the need for blood transfusions in CKD patients. Clinical studies are ongoing to further explore its efficacy and safety profile.