Desidustat is an oral hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) developed for the treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). It works by stabilizing HIF, which in turn stimulates the body’s natural erythropoietin production and enhances iron metabolism, leading to increased red blood cell production. Unlike traditional erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), Desidustat can be taken orally, offering improved convenience and potentially better patient compliance. It is particularly beneficial for patients on dialysis and those not on dialysis, helping maintain hemoglobin levels within the target range without frequent injections. Ongoing research also explores its potential in managing anemia in other conditions where erythropoietin response is impaired.