BGC 20-1531 hydrochloride is primarily utilized in research settings as a potent and selective antagonist for the EP4 receptor, which is a subtype of the prostaglandin E2 receptor. Its application is significant in studying inflammatory processes, as EP4 receptors play a crucial role in mediating inflammation and pain. Researchers use this compound to investigate the mechanisms of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, colitis, and other conditions where prostaglandin signaling is implicated. Additionally, it is employed in oncology research to explore the role of EP4 receptors in cancer progression, particularly in tumor growth and metastasis, as prostaglandins are known to influence these processes. The compound’s selectivity makes it a valuable tool for dissecting the specific contributions of EP4 receptors in various physiological and pathological contexts.