Z-VDVAD-FMK is primarily used in biochemical research to study apoptosis, a programmed cell death process. It acts as a specific inhibitor for caspase-2, an enzyme involved in apoptotic pathways. Researchers utilize this compound to block caspase-2 activity, allowing them to investigate its role in cell death mechanisms and its interactions with other caspases. This helps in understanding diseases where apoptosis is dysregulated, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, Z-VDVAD-FMK is employed in experimental models to explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting caspase-2-mediated pathways.