Z-YVAD-FMK is primarily used in biochemical research as a specific inhibitor of caspase-1, an enzyme involved in the process of inflammation and programmed cell death (apoptosis). It is particularly valuable in studies aimed at understanding the role of caspase-1 in various cellular pathways, including the maturation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β. Researchers utilize Z-YVAD-FMK to block caspase-1 activity, allowing them to investigate its effects on inflammatory responses and cell death mechanisms. This compound is also employed in experimental models of diseases where caspase-1 plays a critical role, such as sepsis, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune conditions. By inhibiting caspase-1, Z-YVAD-FMK helps elucidate potential therapeutic targets for treating inflammation-related diseases.