Allopurinol Sodium is primarily used in the treatment and management of conditions associated with elevated uric acid levels, such as gout and certain types of kidney stones. It works by inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which reduces the production of uric acid in the body. This helps prevent the formation of urate crystals that cause gout attacks and kidney stones.

In clinical settings, it is often prescribed for patients undergoing chemotherapy or radiation therapy, as these treatments can lead to increased uric acid levels due to the rapid breakdown of cells. It is also used in patients with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, a genetic disorder that results in excessive uric acid production.

Additionally, Allopurinol Sodium is sometimes employed in the prevention of tumor lysis syndrome, a complication that can occur during cancer treatment when a large number of tumor cells are killed rapidly, releasing uric acid and other substances into the bloodstream.

It is typically administered intravenously in hospital settings for patients who cannot take oral medications or require rapid reduction of uric acid levels.